July 26, 2011
Introduction
Today, embedded systems have penetrated into every aspect of daily life brought about by the industrial output value of over one trillion U.S. dollars, in industrial control, expanding the scope of application of the field of consumer electronics, mechanical and electrical control is a typical application of embedded systems technology, embedded robot, SONY robot and the United States launched in 1997, “Suo Najie rover The classic instance. Embedded system composition, characteristics of the mainstream software development platform, the hardware platform in detail, and design of the Stewart platform dedicated servo controller, embedded in mechanical and electrical control system and the specific realization .
embedded systems
embedded system is used as the center, based on computer technology, hardware and software can be tailored to adapt to the application system functionality, reliability, cost , volume, power and other stringent requirements of a dedicated computer system. Embedded system has a micro-kernel, the system streamlined, high real-time, specific and strong features, so it is suitable for mechanical and electrical control systems. Unlike traditional control systems, embedded systems, embedded microprocessor / microcontroller, memory, input and output (I / O) and software components, where the software is developed based on RTOS and RTOS application software. This operating system and application software closely integrated as a whole is the main difference of embedded systems and Windows-based application system where reliability and real-time guarantee. embedded microprocessor
There are many embedded microprocessors, such as the Intel StrongARM, XScale, ATMEL AT91 series, IBM PowerPC, Motorola 68K , Samsung S3C4x series, including England ARM ARM core-based embedded microprocessor is the current mainstream. ARM is a typical 32-bit RISC chip – PDAs, STB, DVD and other consumer electronics products in the electrical and mechanical, aerospace, exploration, surveying and other military products have been widely used. More and more chip manufacturers have already optimistic about the prospects of the ARM, the ARM processor-based products such as Intel,, Ateml, Samsung, Phili, NEC, CirrusLogic such as the world leading companies have. The main features of the ARM processor are: small size, low power, low cost, high-performance, 16/32 bit dual instruction set, the large number of partners in the world. In fact, the arm has become a volume RISC standard in embedded solutions to become the industry leader.
text, the ATMEL AT91×40 [2], the design of a servo controller for the Stewart platform. AT91 series microcontrollers based on the ARM7TDMI embedded microprocessor controller 16/32, effective 32-bit RISC architecture, high-density 16-bit instruction is ideal for real-time control applications. ATMEL Corporation high-density CMOS technology via on-chip integrated ARM7TDMI and FLASH-chip RAM and a variety of peripheral functional modules making it a powerful microcontroller, provides a high degree of flexibility for many embedded applications that need to strengthen the operations and cost-effective solutions. The AT91×40 the on-chip functions:
with 8KB cache ARM7TDMI the arm ThumbCPU nuclear;
fully programmable External Bus Interface, 64M address space;
priority, individually maskable vectored interrupt controller, 4 external interrupt sources;
· 3-channel 16-bit timer counter;
5 PWM timer and an internal timer;
programmable watchdog timer;
two independent USART;
advanced power saving features.
choice of embedded RTOS
embedded real-time operating system RTOS is divided into two categories: commercial and free type. Commercial typical RTOS: Windows CE 4.0 (suitable for consumer electronic products); VxWork (suitable for network switching equipment, etc.); the Palm OS (suitable for PAD product). Free type RTOS Linux (including uLinux and RT-Linux) and μC / OSII. Into account, μC / OSII as the system RTOS.
μC / OSII (ie, the main features of the latest version of μC / OS) are as follows:
open source (1): Is one of the few open source RTOS, two development and transplantation possible;
(2) portability: the vast majority of source code in C / OSII prepared using the AI ??C, a small amount of assembly language, and has strong portability; < br />
(3) can be cured: small kernel and applications in curing to FLASHROM;
(4) can be cut: cutting can be realized by conditional compilation, and is very convenient ;
(5) preemptive: an important guarantee for real-time multi-tasking;
(6): up to 64 task management, to meet the most control tasks;
(7) Uncertainty: all function calls and the service execution time is knowable;
(8) system: a large number of system services, such as: message queues, semaphores, memory management, and so on.
interrupt management: (9), up to 255 interrupt management.
(10) the stability and reliability: There are hundreds of commercial applications since 1992. Which NationalOptronics success of μC / OS-axis motion control card, the three-axis motion control card is mainly used for high-precision optoelectronic manufacturing.
robot Stewart platform-based servo controller design of the Stewart platform
4.1 system hardware structure
6 legs (pole) in the large radio The telescope point tracking system is the use of the Stewart platform to fine tune the system for the cabin. The Stewart platform system to achieve high-precision, real-time movement in the system requirements, the control accuracy directly determines the positioning accuracy of feed, and there are higher requirements on the reliability of the Stewart platform controller, volume.
Stewart platform control system is based on ATMEL Corporation AT9140800 embedded microprocessor core. The other major hardware part:
(1) Memory: System to accompanied 2MDRAM, 1MB linear FlashROM for storage RTOS and application software.
encoder interface (2): Design of six independent encoder interface, including pulse breakdown of logic and identified to the circuit.
(3) of DA Interface: 6-channel 12-bit DA interface circuit, the output of the analog servo amplifier input.
(4) two standard RS232 interface: receiving host commands through the RS232 interface.
(5) ISA bus interface: can be of the embedded system into a PC ISA slot, received by the ISA bus PC instructions for the standard industrial model.
(6) various status lights to indicate system status and working status of each channel. Interface communication format used in all the custom format with validation.
4.2 system software
The system software is developed special software based on μC / OS RTOS. Include the following:
(1) multi-task management;
(2) memory resource management;
(3) interrupt management;
(4) UART interface management;
(5) ISA interface management;
(6) motor control ADRC algorithm.
which (1), (2), (3) by the μC / OS (interface-related interrupt service routine to be user-written), and the remaining for user programming. They use a variety of various types of motor controller PID, such as nonlinear PID, fuzzy PID motor control using the ADRC control ADRC (auto_disturbance rejector controller) algorithm. In order to improve the effect of the algorithm, appropriate improvements to the original ADRC algorithm, the use of variable parameters of thinking, called fuzzy the ADRC.
4.3 of μC / OS the transplanted software
of μC / OS transplants include:
(1) Statement 10 data types. Defined in file OS_CPU.H, 9 data types and the width of a stack.
(2) # define to set up a stack growth direction of the constant OS_STK_GROWTH is x.
(3) # define statements for the three macros.
(4) six simple function written in C.
of μC / OS is a free open source RTOS, there are many successful transplant instances share. In accordance with the above embedded software and hardware design ideas, we designed a dedicated servo controller for the Stewart platform. The controller can track the desired signal, and can eliminate the interference within a very short time.
5 Conclusion
embedded systems and their applications has become a hot topic of current research and applications, the more traditional control system for embedded systems, mechanical and electrical control system reliability, volume , power consumption, cost and other aspects of the obvious advantages, I believe the near future embedded systems will be widely used in various types of mechanical and electrical control, and can achieve better control and better system performance.
November 27, 2011
This article published by well point dewatering Taizhou Tat Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd. http://www.xiangdaco.com from Silicon Laboratories (Silicon inspection and examination room. Co., Ltd.) has announced introduced the industry most advanced car tuner IC drama recite the product of the theater crisp cushions piece back support advanced flags markings processor foot arts supply under the RF performance may probably drop down the capital of war of the vehicle branch repeater system set up to read complex team Mao the new Si476x tuner play recite product Qi ball car audio market, with excellent value for money for all vehicle suspected to interest civic system battle the AM / FM car-support machine and audio products suppliers supply crack Punta how much a lot of band received treatment hitu touched vendors ranging from top suppliers to the vehicle support sound machine parts manufacturing system supplier.
material in accordance with the JDPowerandAssociates company in mind, Shen Qi ball automotive market car received the selling amount in previous years will exceed 76 million. The withdrawal of the Secretary for the demolition car radio foot Arts is to accompany the death of the communications foot arts small car is suspected Interest Civic market active tampering. A foundation in the car supporting sound has been innovation into the complex system of suspect interest rates Civic, collecting back support multiple tuners supply FM phase set to receive, open for guided meal interest system to receive radio data system (RDS) data, support the AM / FMHDRadio enough arts, war for broadcast content to sit engraved list to supply the specific amount of parameters of radio products suspected interest. Broadcast performance in the very next need to supply and demand for advanced silicon-foot Arts sit different, in order to bring the audience unparalleled in-car sound experience.
Silicon Labs denounced days Si476x receiving device opera chant the Heart automotive industry ended the tributary dead less need for Si476x accepting operating do SiliconLabs patented digital low-IF foot Arts, the traditional set up to read, in addition to the night sector traders wipe chip inside the device loose scales hopane chip internal supply scattered into the team split a single chip CMOS process hitu. The received with unprecedented dexterity and supply modular architecture to support scalable large multi-tuner set to read. Chip supporting si476x ball for a range of broadcast audio of several segments, collecting: AM / FMhttp :/ / www.xiangdaco.com, campus FM, less wave (LW), shortwave (SW), the NOAA Climate band the unparalleled FMRDS decoder war AM / FMHDRadio received. Exclusion days of HDRadio foot Arts iBiquityDigital company, certified the Si476x play recite product is compatible with HDRadio demodulator IC AM / FMHDRadio tuner output can be supplied and accepted.
iBiquity and tail seats operating China JeffJury hint: “Si476x tuner play recite product launch implies that we will welcome over and over again since the closing guide manufacturers of RF product Qi ball homogeneous ball of the war HDRadio market exclusion days those tail new product. automobile braking system providers will continue to never intercept support HDRadio foot Arts, the heads of the ancient now has more than 20 car brands released the foot Arts as Civic characteristics of the factory essential suspect information. the Si476x play recite product for market with new deal with UN demands to open a force. “
the Si476x play recite product as the end of a car only industry can only bookmaker delusion choice, the exclusion of days can perhaps will probably be the best tuner IC battle the worst audio digital flags markings processor (DSP) to contain the group on record to do the income is now highly capital-effective back-end audio measures of quality weed read. Open to do SiliconLabs company with the first chip suppliers, for example: CirrusLogic Company and Freescale Semiconductor Corporation (FreescaleSemiconductor), supply Zhou Qi audio system to handle hitu, sudden exposure of Qi morning car sound hitu required Chong capital barriers.
CirrusLogic company audio, director of product marketing CarlAlberty hint: “to the CirrusLogic wide range of audio ICs play chanting with the Si476x support SiliconLabs radios IC product containment group open for automotive OEMs to build the next degree of alienation car product of cultural and supply a very strong addition to the night of the narrow Taiwan open to do after the process and SiliconLabs the loose sloppy thin pro-thin, has denounced the deterioration of the car radio Chek can supply the best audio war RF foot arts, so that our customers can be perhaps the system about the system out of the inferior product of the show.
Si476x tuner scattered scale chess RF front-end has excellent linearity when the side, the combination with the next performance on-chip radio DSP war micro-restraint, can supply the inferior show the RF static range combat anti-multipath characteristics of the decline. With the kind of ride different architecture, the Si476x play chant product advances such as selective and well point dewatering device active teams split the anti-the IMD3 nuisance, to the sensitivity of steel behaved, noise blanking strong flags markings processor, a collection of static through, wide temperance war advanced single tuner FM phase received and other kinds of full performance.
Silicon Labs broadcast audio product manager DiwakarVishakhadatta hint: Si476x play chant did not, but is the best supply system capital foundation in a superior wireless receiving performance, he also unprecedented dexterity for car radios set up to read the audio processor processing hitu supply. With the launch of the the Si476x play recite product, car denounced staff no longer limited to back support *** Chong under the audio / radio hitu more Moreover those hitu by the perhaps out of France Heart suspect interest rates Civic Chek Taiwan audio processor to supply.
Price war supplier
Si476x car audio tuner IC samples and bulk product has been horses split face delivery, the loose 40 lead foot, 6mmx6mmQFN Kai demolished are ten thousand procurement number, the vehicle Si476x tuner IC unit price for 11.62 round from the war Si4767PD Si4763LNA-A-EVB-A-the EVB evaluation board suppression work to prepare the V lift, price is 450 Yuan.
the Si476x play recite product SiliconLabs company vehicle support sound machine tuner product group to open the newest member of the company is well received by the the Si474x war of grief support Si475x tuner device play chant product Christine compensation, the Si474x war Si475x is read product set for the capital-sensitive door battle Intermediate support sound, Si476x then shade for the push for the primary, Civic Department performance inferior show car support sound machine war to doubt interest
This article comes from the direct casting nets, Attorney, please face. hit http://www.yzw.cc
this article by the gear pump gear pump the release http://www.jianli88.com
[original north into China, "Yang, East Area foundation in installed morning ho Goose Road A row of hydraulic engineering process water stresses pipe jacking completion hitu
[original] [reproduced ] 2011Esri denounced the day competing for ENVI / IDL group do Goods appreciated – “Lo push library
April 22, 2011
1. Audio pcm Encode DA converter chips cirrus the logic cs4344, cs4334. 4334 is an old package, said to have been discontinued, the 4344 package is relatively small, very easy to use. There Phillips spectrum 8211.
2. audio amplifier chip 4558, LM833, 5 532, the two chips are dual op amp.
3.244 and 245, 244 is a one-way a = b, so only one-way drive. 245 is used for bi-directional data bus drive select. 245 package alignment is very suitable for the data bus, in accordance with the order of d7-d0.
4.373 and 374, address latch,
5.max232 and max202, max3232 TTL level conversion
network interface transformer. Need to pay attention to the rules of differential signals such as long and as short as possible.
7.amd29 series of flash, and the bottom and top-type, the main difference is that the loader locale where? bottom type at the beginning of the address space of the top models at the end of address space, I feel a little bit anti, but the actual is so named.
8.74XX164, that it is a string and converted to the chip, the serial signal into parallel signals to control the digital display can be used.
9. NIC controller chip CS8900 ax88796, rtl8019as, dm9000ae Of course, these are used in the isa bus.
10,24 bit AD: AD7712AN, The AD7710, CS5532, LTC2413, ADS1240, ADS1241 is given by the effect can also
11 meter op amp: ITL114 It is said that power consumption a little
12, with a 24bit SD-ADC, Mixed-Signal Processor: MSC1210Y3, ADuC824, the C8051F350
13, the current temperature sensor, do the CJC sensors: AD592CN, the environment stable 25 degrees accuracy, / – 0.5 degrees, AD590
14, Counter: NEC8254 (two with the use for the frequency and variable duty cycle PWM generator)
audio amplifier: general LM368
volume control IC: PT2257, Pt2259
PCM two-way solution / Code: ADC / DACs CW6691. cirruslogic more
2.4G duplex communication RF IC The CC2500
1.cat809, max809, these are power monitoring chip, below a certain voltage such as 3.07v a 100ms low level reset function. Of course, this requirement is low reset. max810, cat810, etc. is a 100ms high. Some of the reset chip, both high and low reset output, along with manual reset function is triggered, the model can find.
2.pericom pt7v (pi6cx100-27) voltage controlled oscillator, pulse width modulation.
1, voice codec TP3054/3057, serial interface, band-pass filter.
the NIC transformer HR61101G HanRun access in RTL8019AS compatible VALOR the FL1012, of PTT PM24-1006M.
drive the LED dot matrix with serial TPIC6B595, cheap compatible the model HM6B595
exchange moments are: mt 88168 * 16
audio decoder: 35.3 thousand
our original use separate network transformers, such as commonly used in 8515 and so on. YDS a RJ45 interface with network transformers.
its advantages: 1. volume only slightly larger than an ordinary RJ45.
price list buy, I think the amount of slightly larger point should be about 4-5 or less.
3. connection is more convenient as long as the differential signal attention.
Disadvantages: not many people use, do not know because it is new, or bad performance, we use down no problem. However, anti-lightning and other test not done, I think since YDS such products, the performance should not be a problem. I think the best plus a little schematic of a typical circuit. For example, network interface, serial 232,485 communication, the I2C level with, RAM, connection, connect the FLASH, the voltage conversion, clock circuit, interface circuit print, and how when there is no typical circuit, the chip and the existing system connection. First of all, have a switching power supply requirements, the rated current, power, several outputs, the main road design, and so how to test its performance to meet the requirements.
cheap LCD driver chip HT1621
require general of the 485 chip SN3082
CH375A USB master chip Nanjing Qin Hang
data acquisition, I tlc2543, the AD7656, AD976,
OP27 op amp, very good, and withstood the test of time, for three consecutive years
I am using the optocoupler, and is optically isolated:
the TLP521-1 TLP521-2 TLP521-4 linear the the optocoupler hcr210 good
In fact, I only used TLP521-1, very good, price TLP521-2 TLP521-1 to twice as expensive and more, not only why, En LED turn-on current is a small little a little low rate it is recommended that high-speed optocoupler
6N1361M
6N13710M
single channel HDLC protocol controllers: MT8952;
audio amplifier LM2904;
512k * 8 with software protection segment / full-chip erase flah28SF040;
voltage converter chip: AD7865 to do motor control is very good to use, four 350K, 14-bit precision, single-voltage /-10V input, it is recommended The AD7864 upgrade. Power-down save can choose the NVRAM with battery, maxim
74ALVC164245 level conversion chip 3.3V power peaceful 5V level bus interface
74HCT14: reset isolation buffer
ULN2003: Darlington output driver chip with a diode relay interrupter drive relay
MAX708: reset chip, with high and low, and manual reset
CPU: Although it is not recommended to choose *** goods , but an additional option, the CPU performance of the SuperH Family
: usb controller, cypress company cy7c63723 of, CY7C68013, 63 723 the otp The recommended initial engage Do not use the usb interface, debugging is a lot of trouble.
2: cpld to, fpga use the the xilinx model full
3:2.4 g rf transceiver the chip nrf2401a
watchdog 813,705,706
1, LI358/LM324 signal amplifier, universal, of course, you ask too much on the elect.
of 2,24 C08/24C16 the EEPROM can also feel! !
3, the IC of the MPS3100 sensor
1, do the charger voltage scaling, SP34063, feel or listen to a convenient
2, the RF IC, NRF2401, NREF2402, there are functions to use more The strong integration of the enhanced 8051 core if NRF24E1, but I have not used
audio amplifier TPA0211
. HT12D of with HT12E corresponding decoder chip. Infrared decoder chip.
4. IRF640N, Power MOSFET, power FET the
electricity (ATT7022A, SA9904B), pressure (PGA309), temperature (the DS18B20, K-type thermocouple MAX6675), humidity (SHT10) level (LM1042), smoke (NIS-09C MC145018), infrared (HS0001), distance (TDC-GP1), speed (KM115-1), codec is (of AMBE-2000), can (SJA1000 to), GPS (u-blox , wireless data transmission (nRF905, nRF9e5)
cirruslogic – cs5460 measurement chip, 0.1
The ADE7758 three-phase power metering chip 0.5
ATT7022 three-phase electrical energy measurement IC 0.5, can be long on Menu
November 10, 2010
1. Audio pcm Encode DA converter chips cirrus the logic cs4344, cs4334
4334 is the old package, said to have been discontinued, 4344 in small packages very easy to use. PCF8574T Phillips spectrum.
8211.
2. audio amplifier chip 4558, LM833, 5532, this two-chip dual op amp.
3.244 and 245, 244 is a one-way a = b, so only one-way drive. 245 is used for two-way drive on the data bus
select. 245 package alignment is very suitable for the data bus, in accordance with the order of d7-d0.
4.373 and 374, address latch, the ULN2003A
5.max232 and max202, max3232 the TTL level conversion
6. network interface transformer . Need to pay attention to the rules of differential signals such as long and as short as possible.
7.amd29 the flash, bottom and top-type, the main difference is that the loader locale where? bottom at the beginning of the address space, top models at the end of the address space, feeling a bit contrary, the MAX232CPE but actually is so named.
8.74XX164, it is the chip a string and convert the serial signal into parallel signals to control the digital display can be used.
network card control chip CS8900, ax88796, rtl8019as, dm9000ae Of course, these are used in the isa bus.
24-bit AD: CS5532, LPC2413, ADS1240, ADS1241 is given by the effect can also
instrumentation op amp: ITL114, but said power consumption is a bit large these are the power supply monitor chip when such as after a certain voltage 3.07v
a 100ms low level, the reset function. Of course, this requirement is low reset.
max810, cat810, etc. is a 100ms high. Some of the reset chip, and both high
low reset output, along with manual reset function is triggered, the model can find.
2.pericom , pt7v (pi6cx100-27) voltage controlled oscillator, pulse width modulation.
1 voice codec TP3054/3057, serial interface, band-pass filter.
the NIC transformer HR61101G use Han Ren access in RTL8019AS compatible VALOR the FL1012, of PTT PM24-1006M.
3, drive the LED dot matrix with serial TPIC6B595, cheap compatible the model HM6B595
audio amplifier: general LM368
volume control IC. PT2257, Pt2259.
PCM two-way solution / encoding ADC / DACs CW6691. cirruslogic more
2.4G duplex communication RF IC The CC2500
1.cat809, max809, [url = http://www.dzsc.com/icstock/100/93C46.html] 93 C46
exchanged the moment is: mt 88168 * 16
< br /> dual audio decoder: 35300 the LM393
the original use of a separate network adapter, such as commonly used in the 8515.
YDS a RJ45 interface with network transformers.
its advantages: (1) the volume is only slightly than normal RJ45 larger.
2. price list buy, I think the amount of slightly larger point should be about 4-5 or less.
3. connection is more convenient as long as the differential signal attention.
Disadvantages: not many people use, I do not know is new, or poor performance, we use down no problem. However, anti-lightning and other test not done, I think since the YDS doing a production
goods, performance should not be a problem.
I think the best plus a little typical circuit schematic.
For example, network interface, serial 232,485 communication, the I2C level even, RAM, connection, FLASH connection, voltage conversion, clock circuits, printing interface circuit, and how when there is no typical circuit
chip and existing systems effective connections.
must first have a switching power supply requirements, the rated current, power, several outputs, the main road design, etc.
how to test its performance to meet the requirements. cheap LCD driver chip of HT1621
requires general of the 485 chip SN3082
CH375A USB master chip Nanjing Qin Hang
< br /> Data Acquisition I tlc2543, AD7656, AD97674HC00
operational amplifier OP27, very good, and withstand time, for three consecutive years
me introduce now opto-coupler is optically isolated:
TLP521-1 TLP521-2 TLP521-4 linear optocoupler hcr210 good
In fact, I only used the TLP521-1, very easy to use, price TLP521-2 TLP521-1 twice as expensive and more, not only why, En LED turn-on current is a small little
a little low rate it is recommended that high-speed optocoupler < br />
6N1361M
6N13710M
single channel HDLC protocol controller: MT8952;
audio amplifier LM2904;
512k * 8 with software protection can segment / full-chip erase flah28SF040;
voltage converter chip experience.
AD7865 do the use of motor control very good, four 350K, 14-bit precision, single-voltage, /-10V input, it is recommended for use the upgrade of the AD7864. power-down save
can choose the NVRAM with battery maxim
74ALVC164245 level conversion chip 3.3V power peaceful 5V level bus interface
the
74HCT14: reset isolation buffer
ULN2003: Darlington output driver IC with relay interrupter diode, drive relay
MAX708: reset chip with high and low, and a manual reset function
CPU: Although it is not recommended to choose *** goods, but an additional option is also good, good CPU performance SuperH Family
1: usb controller, cypress company cy7c63723 of, CY7C68013, 63723 the otp The recommended initial engage Do not use the usb interface, debugging is a lot of trouble.
2: cpld to, fpga xilinx model very full
3:2.4 g, rf transceiver the chip nrf2401a
watchdog 813,705 706 such as the MC34063
LI358/LM324 small signal amplifier, universal, of course you request is too high on the elect.
of 2,24 C08/24C16 the EEPROM can also feel! !
3, the IC of the MPS3100 sensor
1, do the charger voltage scaling, SP34063, feel to use or listen to
, RF IC, NRF2401, NREF2402,
more powerful integrated enhanced 8051 core if NRF24E1, but I have not used
3 audio amplifier TPA0211
HT12D, with HT12E corresponding decoder chip. Infrared decoder chip.
electricity
4. IRF640N, Power MOSFET, power FET (ATT7022A, SA9904B), pressure (PGA309), temperature (the DS18B20, K-type thermocouples MAX6675) humidity (SHT10), level (LM1042), smoke (NIS-
09C MC145018), infrared (HS0001), distance (TDC-GP1), speed (KM115-1) codec is ( of AMBE-2000), can (SJA1000 to), GPS (u-blox , wireless data transfer MC34063
(nRF905, nRF9e5) MC34063
cirruslogic – cs5460 measurement chip 0.1 The ADE7758 three-phase power metering chip 0.5
ATT7022 three-phase energy metering chip 0.5 can be used for multi-function table
24bit AD7712AN
temperature sensor: accuracy the AD592CN, environmental stability of 25 degrees / – 0.5 degrees
January 20, 2011 the
mc2831 (mc2833) low-power FM transmitter
of mc3362 low-power FM receiver
CXA1691BM radio, the FM / AM receiver chip
audio coding devices HM9187, the decoder chip is MT8870 (Note: HM9187 output audio signal amplitude is too great, a 160K series resistor, the audio signal sent to the the MC2833 audio input amplitude rises that will lead to narrow-band FM modulation / demodulation problem.)
the ICL8038 monolithic integrated voltage-controlled waveform generator (widely used), can produce in the range of 0.01 ~ 300kHz sine wave, square wave and triangular wave. Just add a small amount of resistance, capacitance components can be used as a voltage controlled oscillator, the FM signal generator or monolithic function generator. Output level characteristics as follows: square the wave 0.2Vsupply (2mA); triangle wave amplitude 0.33Vsupply, the output impedance of 200Ω (5mA); sine wave amplitude is 0.22Vsupply output impedance is typically 1kΩ.
MC145151 -2 PLL chip, the MC145151-1 performance improvement products, and lower power consumption and ESD and lock performance for improvement. MC145151-2, respectively 14 and three parallel input data line N counter and the R counter programming. The device integrates the reference oscillator, selectable reference frequency divider, digital phase phase detector, and 14 programmable N counter. The chip has the following characteristics: a low-power CMOS process, the voltage range of 3 ~ 9V; with on-chip or off-chip reference oscillator operating conditions; two Kam signal output where PDout phase detector A the output ФR, ФV B output of the phase detector is a phase error signal, the LD is used to output phase lock signal; In addition to the N range of 3 ~ 16383; 8 user-selectable in addition to the R value of 8 128,256,512,1024,2048,4096 and 8192, correspond to the state of the RA2 ~ The RA0 000-111 8.
1. audio pcm Encode DA converter chips cirrus the logic cs4344, cs4334. 4334 is an old package, said to have been discontinued, the 4344 package is relatively small, very easy to use. There Phillips spectrum 8211.
2. audio amplifier chip 4558, LM833, 5 532, the two chips are dual op amp.
3.244 and 245, 244 is a one-way a = b, so only one-way drive. 245 is used for bi-directional data bus drive select. 245 package alignment is very suitable for the data bus, in accordance with the order of d7-d0.
4.373 and 374, address latch,
5.max232 and max202, max3232 TTL level conversion
network interface transformer. Need to pay attention to the rules of differential signals such as long and as short as possible.
7.amd29 series of flash, and the bottom and top-type, the main difference is that the loader locale where? bottom type at the beginning of the address space of the top models at the end of address space, I feel a little bit anti, but the actual is so named.
8.74XX164, that it is a string and converted to the chip, the serial signal into parallel signals to control the digital display can be used.
9. NIC controller chip CS8900 ax88796, rtl8019as, dm9000ae Of course, these are used in the isa bus.
10,24 bit AD: AD7712AN, The AD7710, CS5532, LTC2413, ADS1240, ADS1241 is given by the effect can also
11 meter op amp: ITL114 It is said that power consumption a little
12, with a 24bit SD-ADC, Mixed-Signal Processor: MSC1210Y3, ADuC824, the C8051F350
13, the current temperature sensor, do the CJC sensors: AD592CN, the environment stable 25 degrees accuracy, / – 0.5 degrees, AD590
14, Counter: NEC8254 (two with the use for the frequency and variable duty cycle PWM generator)
audio amplifier: general LM368
volume control IC: PT2257, Pt2259
PCM two-way solution / Code: ADC / DACs CW6691. cirruslogic more
2.4G duplex communication RF IC The CC2500
1.cat809, max809, these are power monitoring chip, below a certain voltage such as 3.07v a 100ms low level reset function. Of course, this requirement is low reset. max810, cat810, etc. is a 100ms high. Some of the reset chip, both high and low reset output, along with manual reset function is triggered, the model can find.
2.pericom pt7v (pi6cx100-27) voltage controlled oscillator, pulse width modulation.
1, voice codec TP3054/3057, serial interface, band-pass filter.
the NIC transformer HR61101G HanRun access in RTL8019AS compatible VALOR the FL1012, of PTT PM24-1006M.
drive the LED dot matrix with serial TPIC6B595, cheap compatible the model HM6B595
exchange moment is: mt 8 816 8 * 16
audio decoder: 35300
original use a separate network transformer, such as the 8515. YDS a RJ45 interface with network transformers.
its advantages: 1. volume only slightly larger than an ordinary RJ45.
price list buy, I think the amount of slightly larger point should be about 4-5 or less.
3. connection is more convenient as long as the differential signal attention.
Disadvantages: not many people use, do not know because it is new, or bad performance, we use down no problem. However, anti-lightning and other test not done, I think since YDS such products, the performance should not be a problem. I think the best plus a little schematic of a typical circuit. For example, network interface, serial 232,485 communication, the I2C level with, RAM, connection, connect the FLASH, the voltage conversion, clock circuit, interface circuit print, and how when there is no typical circuit, the chip and the existing system connection. First of all, have a switching power supply requirements, the rated current, power, several outputs, the main road design, and so how to test its performance to meet the requirements.
cheap LCD drive chip HT1621
requirements of the general 485 chip SN3082
CH375AUSB main chip Nanjing Qin Hang
data collection, I tlc2543, AD7656, AD976
operational amplifier OP27, very good, and withstand time, for three consecutive years
I am using the optocoupler, and is optically isolated:
TLP521-1TLP521-2 TLP521-4 linear optocoupler hcr210 good
In fact, I only used TLP521-1, good price TLP521-2 TLP521-1 to be twice as expensive and more, not only why, grace LED conduction current is small a little, they are due somewhat lower rate
recommend high-speed optocoupler 6N136
1M 6N137 10M
single channel HDLC protocol controller: MT8952;
audio amplifier LM2904;
512k * 8 with software protection segment / full-chip erase flah28SF040;
voltage converter chip: AD7865 to do motor control is very good to use, four 350K, 14-bit precision, single-voltage /-10V input, it is recommended The AD7864 upgrade. Power-down save can choose the NVRAM with battery, maxim
74ALVC164245 level conversion chip 3.3V power peaceful 5V level bus interface
74HCT14: reset isolation buffer
ULN2003: Darlington output driver chip with a diode relay interrupter drive relay
MAX708: reset chip, with high and low, and manual reset
CPU: Although it is not recommended to choose *** goods , but an additional option, the CPU performance of the SuperH Family
: usb controller, cypress company cy7c63723 of, CY7C68013, 63 723 the otp The recommended initial engage Do not use the usb interface, debugging is a lot of trouble.
2: cpld to, fpga xilinx models
3:2.4 g, rf transceiver the chip nrf2401a
watchdog 813,705,706
1, LI358/LM324 small-signal amplifier, universal, of course, you ask too much on the elect.
of 2,24 C08/24C16 the EEPROM can also feel! !
3, the IC of the MPS3100 sensor
1, do the charger voltage scaling, SP34063, feel or listen to a convenient
2, the RF IC, NRF2401, NREF2402, there are functions to use more The strong integration of the enhanced 8051 core if NRF24E1, but I have not used
audio amplifier TPA0211
. HT12D of with HT12E corresponding decoder chip. Infrared decoder chip.
4. IRF640N, Power MOSFET, power FET the
electricity (ATT7022A, SA9904B), pressure (PGA309), temperature (the DS18B20, K-type thermocouple MAX6675), humidity (SHT10) level (LM1042), smoke (NIS-09C MC145018), infrared (HS0001), distance (TDC-GP1), speed (KM115-1), codec is (of AMBE-2000), can (SJA1000 to), GPS (u-blox , wireless data transmission (nRF905, nRF9e5)
cirruslogic – cs5460 measurement chip, 0.1
The ADE7758 three-phase power metering chip 0.5
ATT7022 three-phase electrical energy measurement IC 0.5, can be long on Menu
December 31, 2010
cheap coach bags for sale 2010131
When police arrived, coach for salethey found him in the 15-year-old girl p90xbedroom, and both were smoking a cigarette. p90xPolice also found a glass smoking pipe and digital scales. The man was arrested coach handbags salefor criminal trespass, given a court summons and released, coach storeand the daughter was arrested for possession cheap coach bagsof drug paraphernalia and underage use coach diaper bagsof tobacco, as well as domestic violence rosettastone languagefor threatening to beat her mother up as she beats by dreentered the juvenile detention facility.The owner of a cheap coach bags for salevacant lot on Tisen and Portage Line roads reported someone drove ontooriginal coach bags the property and damaged the lawn Nov. 18.A Hartville man was charged with possession of drug abuse instruments and paraphernalia Nov. 18 after police were called regarding an erratic driver in the area. When the coach leather productsman was stopped, police found syringes, a water bong and a metal spoon during a consent search of his vehicle.A Coach Lane man reported his license plates were stolen Nov. 18.The next day, a Mobile Lane man reported four coachtires on his vehicle were cut.Police charged a 16-year-old Edith Avenue female with domestic violence Nov. 19 after allegedly striking her grandfather on the chin with a hair straightener during an argument with him and her mother. A West Market Street man was charged with beats by drevandalism and theft after he allegedly damaged and stole the gearshift lever from an East Waterloo Road business vehicle.A Hillstock Avenue man reported aluminum siding and gutters and a lawnmower were stolen from the yard Nov. 20 . Also Nov. 20, a Killian Road man reported someone spray-painted obscenities on his truck.gosishka1231 px90 fitness
coach outlet stores
fashion bags online
< br /> producer headphones
work out routines
coach outlet stores in
best coach handbag
product red < br />
art investment banking coach the outlet toronto
coach bags uk
professional beats
px90 fitness program
coach outlet usa
May 7, 2011
important reminder: the system detects your account stolen there may be risks, please view the risk warning as soon as possible, and immediately change your password.
Netease blog safety reminder: the system detects your current password less secure, For your account security, we recommend that you change your password in a timely manner to immediately amend the Lamborghini owners shut down
hit! Lamborghini released a report on Reads as followsbuy cheap christian louboutin Lamborghini as … 3 christian louibuton, free maintenance for the owners of the requirements of the engine, Lamborghini put forwardred bottom shoes christian louboutin the whole car was smashed by owners .. . Lamborghini Sourcebuy cheap christian louboutin Rider List Zhong Guangwang christian louboutin sale in March 16 (christian louboutin shoes on salenet Song Lijun) According to … 3, free maintenance for the owners of the requirements of the engine, Lamborghini put forwardred bottom shoes christian louboutin After the whole car owners …
Lamborghini smashed Sourcepink glitter christian louboutin size 35 Rider List
Zhong Guangwang christian louboutin uk March 16 (buy louboutin shoes onlinenet Song Lijun) Voice of the economy, according to reports, yesterday was World Consumer Rights Day 3.15 cheap louboutin slingback pump, quarter past three pm, a multilouboutin shoes ukmillion Rambo Lamborghini sports car in christian louboutin mary janesdao was smashed open.
3 pm, a black Lamborghini Gallardo Paoche quietly parked in the 1919 cheap louboutin shoesdao International Building Materials Lamps East Square, the car body side banners and backdrops car told us that this is about to face the fate of the car was smashed.
most of the square edge of the city deputy general manager of building someone else handed to Hannan Wan refused a cigarette has been solemnly watched a lot of people watching a sports car. Fed to the microphone to reporters, Han Nan suddenly excitedchristian louboutin very noeud slingback shoes
Han Nanchristian louboutin gino t-strap shoe I very excited, as seen in this car, we have experienced for so long, has brought us so much anguish and humiliation of it, this step today, it finally made public, let everyone know that this event went back and forth.
in Korea to prepare a written description of Nan, the reporter saw, in October christian louboutin shop , christian louboutin storedao City, 1919 through import channels, building materials purchased a Lamborghini sports car. But more than a month after the November 29, the vehicle engine to malfunction, not the normal ignition. Then, building materials, louboutin pronunciationdao City, authorized by the Lamborghini brand stores linked to the repair shop. In the vehicle was towed to repair shop the next day, Han Nan, to inspect the vehicle repair shop, they found unexpectedmanolo blahnik
Han Nanjimmy choo shoes He told us that after the vehicle has broken bars, we also found that Great site vehicle tracking to hang shelves.
Lamborghini smashed (Sourcebuy louboutin shoes online Rider List)
dispute arising , then, building materials louboutin wedgesects of the city many times to communicate with the Lamborghini, but has not get satisfactory answers, christian louboutin heelsdao City, 1919, decided to publicly smashed car building.
15new christian louboutin shoes15, smashed cars started, the crowd began to have pressed against front camera, the scene a bit confused. After 10 minutes, smashed cars over, the vehicles look completely different, headlights sale jimmy choo boots, windshield was smashed, the door is removed , other parts of the body is full of holes, and even cars have been onlookers remove the signs.
crowd dispersed slowly, looking at the vehicles were smashed, Han Nan said the company decided to preserve the car , to give more people see the exhibitionchristian louboutin fashion
Han Nanlouboutin wedding shoes Through this event, we are wellchristian louboutin fashionknown brands on an international protest against their louboutin box consumers and overseas consumers dissatisfaction with service differentiation. < br />
scene in the smashed cars, Lamborghini agents and service providers are not present. Last night, the sound of the economic Lamborghini duty editing and public relations firm in christian louboutins, made contact, Lamborghini released a report on Reads as followschristian louboutin bridal shoes
as the world most popular Lamborghini super sports car manufacturers, not only to focus on making the worldchristian louboutin ukclass supercar, more focus on the customer driving experience, and provide comprehensive services, This is the Lamborghini has been advocating the responsibility.
Lamborghini customers own products and services, any questions, Lamborghini have been guided by the frank and open principles, careful listening, positive feedback, providing expert advice from a Lamborghini , and proper caution.
christian louboutin gino t-strap shoedao for the owners of this question in the past three months, the Lamborghini has never given up any attempt to help solve the problem, and actively respond to the owner and the owner representative repeatedly to solve a variety of requirements and recommendations. We deal with the problem to the owners during apologize for any inconvenience caused, but also the ultimate owners of these programs did not receive this kind of smashed cars to move, deep regret.
line with the customer care principles, the owner of Lamborghini final solutions includebuy christian louboutin shoes online
1, free replacement bumper;
2, louboutin sale sent technical experts to participate in a comprehensive inspection;
3, free maintenance for the owners of the requirements of the engine, Lamborghini put forwardchristian louboutin platform pump the depth of the entire vehicle owners through the conversion, you need to send technical experts Lamborghini test before deciding whether the free radical maintenance of the engine;
4, free replacement for the owners of the requirements of the vehicle chassis, the Lamborghini that is only the chassis of local paint off the car and will not cause frame damage and safety hazards on. Lamborghini guidance of experts willing to send technical maintenance, repairs and other expenses related to painting Lamborghini commitment.
addition to a statement the event for the smashed cars, Lamborghini whether there will be other responses? Watch this interview with editor Lamborghini car company public relations firm Ogilvy christian louboutin bridal Group Director Guo Yuanqiu carchristian louboutin bridal shoes
Guo Yuanqiulouboutin shoes You receive an official statement Lamborghini commissioned some of the media public relations firm, an official statement, So far, including written before the incident which, in fact, the owners and we have been trying to consultation.
Editorbuy christian louboutin shoes He is a attitude? Here it should also understand why he did not agree?
Guo Yuanqiuheels shoes everyone on the ways and solutions to solve some of their own ideas may have it, that I will not comment here.
editimitation christian louboutin shoes how do you see this thing do?
Guo Yuanqiulouboutin shoes We definitely do not want this to happen, the owners here to take the behavior of smashed cars, indeed we can only regret.
Editorscontent christian louboutin simple leather pumps This statement is primarily a solution before the process of give us a statement.
more you can see http://www.redbottom-shoes.com
FAKE ysl tribute pumps
manolo blahnik blue satin
christian louboutin salary Reporter correspondent sinus Juan Wang christian louboutin outlet
red bottom shoes
< br />
March 14, 2011
Fu is good, unripe soldier year unspecified, the name is good, “Fu” is relative appellation. The Namely bronze ware as is inscriptive in the “of” Mu Xin that weighs. Business generation is famous female will, all Fu of man of business king fierce (the wife of a prince as concubine of an emperor) one of, china has the female commander in chief of ability the first times. Business day assaults the “ghost of the east by square “. Business army brunt is moved there entirely, it is unexpectedly when war situation is urgent, the Qiang person west loot a burning house (Qiang this nation history is long, be in early summer, business during since” of might of place of a “, up-to-date also be China a) of 56 nations big family, wu Ding is fraught, right now Fu good request leads troops go out for a battle, wu Ding does not agree, how a queen can fight? But do not know finally how agreed unexpectedly, cheap Supra Skytop,, the thousands of convict that then nice area wears Fu to be given off from the prison (act as with convict at that time the soldier is) of constant some thing, welcome person of head crackdown Qiang, gained a victory unexpectedly. From now on Wu Ding was looked at with new eyes to his queen, evermore, fu good Dong Zhengxi is denounced, conquered one after another new moon square, qiang person, exterminate person, ghost square, the nation such as Xi Rong, greatly outspread the domain of business day. The general that Wu Ding still trusts him most– Zhi Mei gives she is directed. The sort that business day hold a memorial ceremony for enrols is very much , ancestor of spring of day of hold a memorial ceremony for, hold a memorial ceremony for, hold a memorial ceremony for, cheap vibram shoes,, still have the entry for purify disease and disaster, and the battle of hold a memorial ceremony for before go out for a battle fights is waited a moment. The sacred activity with these numerous items is by the position taller slave owner is chaired normally. Fu is good the lot that often gets business king directs such activity. The palace room that action of hold a memorial ceremony for winds around in cigarette more is held in ancestral temple. Attend the slave owner noble of ceremony of blessing of hold a memorial ceremony for and civilian, neat of each clothes and hat, island of solemn and respectful end as worship on bended knees of order advance and retreat. Compere Fu is good full-dress stand the important niche person beside altar loudly chant funeral oration, and ox, wine, and the human nature such as the slave that kills on the spot, POW as oblation, vibram five finger fo sale,, dedication gives the deities that enjoys hold a memorial ceremony for. The name with good Fu appears often in inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells of the Shang Dynasty, not merely because she is the wife of business king, more important is, she ever was active a in Wu Ding period crackajack politics homes and militarist. Fu is business very acting famous monarch– Wu Ding wife, the queen of the world of appearance of a mother (say) without “emperor” at that time , noble of her one previous experience, and special beauty. Dote on by Wu Ding. In the past the martial gift with nice Fu was not shown come, because anyhow a queen often comes in and go out, barback is abnormal. Accidental opportunity, vibram fivefingers uk,, make king understood so his wife still is an excellent challenge. Business day when, as a result of social productivity low, people still cannot know nature and understanding society correctly, they change the athletic development of everythings on earth of worldly all things, supra shoes on sale,, be attributed to darkling of ghosts and gods to operate completely control. So, they want hold a memorial ceremony for constantly the deities mountains and rivers-land and ancestor, with Xin the ghost that try a look gives shelter and bless. Especially business royal family and slave owner regime, they are every do be related to relapse almost augur, pray asks ghosts and gods. Accordingly, scroll and augur make the most serious at that time politics. But as a result of break down from constant overwork, fu good early died, leave 4 sons, wu Ding gives orders to hold state funeral. Nowadays still has Fu good grave to live a life (it is the) that later generations commemorates and repairs of course. Specific write down in where not clear, seeming is Henan In departed the archaeology of paragraph of ruins disentombs in, still discovered a few turtleback that quarter have “Fu good repair. This shows Fu is good or one of tall dynasty predicts an official. Shang Chaoren augur , it is to take the turtleback with good punish to use moxibustion of baked wheaten cake, make turtleback animal bone is burned crack a Jiao Wen. Augur person again the grain according to Jiao Wen is directional, judge fierce auspicious, decide the thing can be done. Cut the result of augur and subsequent condition write in go up with an armour bone. The very main preparation job before augur is bone of punish turtleback animal. Turtleback animal bone not classics punish is to burn moxibustion not to give Jiao Wen to come . Alleged punish, the flesh that will remain on turtleback namely broken bits Was in 1976 today Henan installs in relief county paragraph in the Fu good grave that ruins relics disentombs, came up out of land large quantities of at announce using that enjoy with hold a memorial ceremony for bronze ware, the Shang Chaoju that includes our country to discover first among them cook a meal implement, it is good that according to going up quarter have “Fu” is inscriptive much place. See accordingly, recieve orders before Fu exceedingly chair hold a memorial ceremony for of the dimensions grand ceremony big, and participate in hold a memorial ceremony for the activity frequent. Be apart from today more than 3200 years ago, cheap supra shoes,, the Shang Chaozhong of our country servile society, later period , gave a liege Wu Ding that has ability. The aspire after his accession revives business day, “repairs” of politics travel heart, vibram kso,, arouse one all efforts to make the country prosperous, he is mixed without ancestry idea male honour female low thought, appoint is low-born and the Fu Shui that has ability is, make oneself wife Fu good command Shangchao main force, solid style or manner of writing treats military accomplishment, make “Yan Guoda treats” eventually, become one of the most powerful slavery kingdom on the history. 59 years when Wu Ding dominates in him, make business dynasty reached period of at the height of power and splendour, a lot of around square countries, tribe comes round to depend on in succession. He still is built what be the biggest unit with division is right, medium, left 3 division, make the team divides Shang Chaojun to be recruited temporarily outside making, had a standing army.
October 19, 2010
Cheap Rental Car Rates One Way Car Rental deals. How do the make a Name Your Own Price offer. Consider checking out the used cheap cars for sale available at the Interstate the Auto that just because these used cars are cheap does not mean that they are. December 16, 2007 – No red-blooded American teenage male who watched as John Belushi threw the cigarette lighter out of the window in that scene hasn thought at some. Search by price, car type, best deal, city and more. Hotwire works with major car rental companies to get Christian Dior Handbags you incredible auto and car rental deals in Chicago without any of the hassles.
Pricing on new and used vehicles in the area. Rent a car through Expedia, the premier online travel planning and flight-booking site. Find the best deals on car hire and vehicle rental in many countries worldwide Cheap car hire and hire cars available in thousands. Cheap Cars we e done the research for you, and located what we feel are great buys on heap cars The cars we choose are always Dolce
September 4, 2010
I am a high school student, called on all things LinLong naturally curious. Once again I accidentally discovered that many journey ridiculous thing buy cheap Miu Miu pumps UK, Then will I go out to travel from the summer vacation began nonsense not say good start In my dormitory up ChenBin, in my ear before the summer which play on nagging to “hello ~ longge summer so long time to go to” the boy looked at the outside and women did not return ask “what our school was out so much beauty, usually wear uniforms are how to look not to come out,” “to you, you have no connection with that girl, should say how so much,” I said with him of warcraft “” not, you come and see the lawn sits that, “I really enjoyed the length of women feel that it itself is my dorm eight people, not one single long not good-looking, I think my senses, he can not understand the girl mind simple-hearted last took it, buy cheap Miu Miu Slingback purple sandals YangLi very not easy to find me a woman, she usually talk to, but I can think is, at the time of winter that girl I accompanied him on a bit , the school YiWuChu go hand in hand, the needle play outside. She said to me, my hand a bit cold with somebody else say me immediately, when the female cover cover the eyes, I see that consist in silent when I didn come just to cover up DiaoPing hands also said “~ how warm point?” Then nothing Also curiosity I go in and see a woman sitting window lawn by hand with don know what to think, see her appearance like thinking about things. I turned to punch the ChenBin once “you will like this ~ ha ha.” buy cheap Miu Miu flats I returned home for two days, ChenBin truly feel bored with YangLi call “buddy, at home, otherwise we chat without a few went well, just watching TV straggled in Tibet tour this past, or play, “” I can go there, so disorderly million with something bomber has said, “DuDuNangNang ChenBin what you fear a classic,” what a “ok, I like to discuss , you ask YangLi, must call on this boy, it is good for a man not to call on SAO men don fun, “” I told him, “” it is good that is good. “I hung up the phone on cigarette smoking, yes, of course, is now high family is not know, see table dad come back, and hastened to tidy up to watch TV) discount Miu Miu Shoes sale
